We also need to add more words to your vocabulary - here are those words:

Depth of Field (shallow and wide) whats on focus

Light (angle and intensity) angle its about wheres the light coming from intensity its how bright the light is

Shadows  the absence of light 

Diffusion decreasing the intensity of the light

Exposure

Aperture (f-stop)  inside of the lens and its how big the opining is

Shutter speed mirror inside the camera how fast it opens and closes

ISO  sensor inside the camera how sensitive the sensor its live as you increase the i




telephoto zooms you in closer to your subjects 

, prime doesn't zoom in , 


 wide angle 



the bigger the opening the smaller the number